“With proper technique, pilots were able to achieve consistent and deadly results.”
The A-36A Mustang was the ground-attack/dive-bomber version of the early Mustang. The A-36A is similar to its descendent, the P-51A Mustang, with the most notable exception being that the A-36A sports large, hydraulically actuated, slotted dive brakes located above and below the wings. Designed by Edgar Schmued and manufactured by North American Aviation, the A-36A began production in September, 1942 (original designation was NA-97), and it entered combat in the Spring of 1943, serving until early 1945. Five hundred A-36As were built and served with distinction in the Mediterranean, North Africa and Italy in the US 12th Air Force, and also in the China/Burma/India Theater in the 10th US Air Force.
The A-36 was used to replace/supplement the Curtiss P-40 Tomahawks already in service. In 1942, the A-36 began flying combat missions as a low-altitude reconnaissance and ground support aircraft with the Army Air Force Squadrons. Immediately, the A-36 became a very effective and popular fighter/dive-bomber. Despite the limited high altitude performance from the Allison V-1710 engine, the AAF enthusiastically received the new aircraft.
The liquid cooled V-12 Allison engine can produce approximately 1,325 hp resulting in a cruise speed of 250 mph. Maximum speed is 365 mph with a range of 550 miles and a service ceiling of 25,000 feet. Typical armament consisted of up to 1,000 pounds of bombs and 6 M-2 Browning machine guns.
The A-36 proved to be a very effective weapon. The aircraft could be put into a vertical dive at 12,000 feet and the pilot would deploy the dive brakes that would limit the dive speed to 390 mph. Depending on the target and conditions, the pilots would release the bombs between 4,000 ft and 2,000 feet. With proper technique, pilots were able to achieve consistent and deadly results. The A-36 also had an impressive number of aerial victories, with 84 enemy aircraft shot down.
The first two units to receive the A-36 were the 27th Bombardment Group and the 86th Bombardment Group of the 12th Air Force. The 27th was first into combat. On June 6th, 1943, the 27th carried out its first mission over the Italian island of Pantelleria. Reconnaissance and ground attack missions commenced and continued through early June. In June A-36 aircraft encountered the feared Messerschmitt Bf 109G fighters. They shot one 109 down and it was credited as a group victory. Beginning on July 10th, 1943 both A-36 units supported the Allied invasion of Sicily. The losses were severe mostly due to how the A-36 squadrons set their attack configurations. The A-36 pilots would begin a vertical dive in V-formation at around 8,000 feet. Bombs were released between 4,000 and 2,000 feet.
Initially the enemy would be caught off guard and surprised but, the enemy learned quickly. Once the remaining aircraft came into view, they were easy targets for well-practiced
Another effective tactic to down an A-36 was stringing wire across mountain ridges. After the A-36 dive-bombed a target the pilot would fly at treetop level, at blazing speeds, shooting ground targets along the way back to base. In some cases, the pilot would fly into these low-strung wires, shredding the aircraft in two.
The first A-36 / P-51 Mustang Ace was Michael Russo. He was assigned to the 27th Bombardment Group, 12th Air Force operating in the Mediterranean Theatre of Operations. When his unit started to fly missions over mainland Italy Russo scored his aerial victories. His first triumph was shooting down a Fw 190F near Salerno. Russo’s second confirmed victory was a Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. This, we can imagine, would either be a very easy target to hit, or a very difficult target to hit depending on the A-36 airspeed at the time of targeting. The Storch has a cruise speed of around 40 knots. So Russo might have had this aircraft in his sights for only a fraction of a second before overtaking the enemy target. His third score came from shooting down a Ju 52. Russo achieved his two final victories in 1943. He downed two Bf 109G fighters near Rome when his formation intercepted sixteen German aircraft at 4,500 feet.
The Foundation’s A-36 # 42-83738 went on flying as a trainer aircraft through WWII and then was put in storage. In 1963, Sid Smith in Sheridan, IL, purchased the aircraft. It was transferred to Wings of Yesterday Museum in Santa Fe in 1975 and then to John Paul in 1980. The Collings Foundation acquired the aircraft in the late 80’s. Major restoration work started in 2004 when the aircraft was transferred to American Aero Services.
At the final stage of restoration the Foundation’s A-36 was painted in honor of a 526th FSB, 86th FG aircraft named “Baby Carmen.” Two pilots flew the original aircraft:
Lt. Gibson and Lt. Lucas. Mike Brown was the crew chief. The original “Baby Carmen” logged an astounding 200 combat sorties without an engine replacement. It is painted with a US national insignia in four positions with a red surround, a white rudder tab marked the 526th, and a ‘J’ for the squadron. Like the original “Baby Carmen” paint scheme, the A-36’s insignia and nose art was finely rendered by hand.
*The A-36 is currently based at Worcester airport and is not open for public viewing. For an operation schedule please call the office.
